What gives cannabis its unique aromas and flavors? More than the plant itself, the secret lies in microscopic molecules called terpenes. Present in fruits, flowers, and herbs, these compounds are responsible for creating aromatic and gustatory profiles as diverse as the citrus freshness of lemon, the gentle scent of lavender, or the resinous smell of pine.

In the cannabis universe, they not only define the sensory experience but can also influence the entourage effect — interaction between terpenes and cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), capable of modulating or enhancing sensations.

Among the main terpenes, research has already identified over 100. Each with its own characteristics:

- Myrcene – earthy and herbal, with hints of tropical fruits; associated with relaxing effects;

- Limonene – citrusy and refreshing, linked to feelings of energy and mood elevation;

- Beta-caryophyllene – spicy and woody, with potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties;

- Linalool – floral, with lavender notes; may aid in relaxation;

- Pinene – pine aroma; a possible ally for focus and concentration.

More than terpenes: a palette of compounds

Despite their sovereignty, other compounds can impact the aroma and flavor of the plant. International studies, such as the one published in the Molecules journal by researchers from Switzerland, Germany, and Spain, show that the aromas and flavors of cannabis also involve flavonoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and sulfur compounds.

Factors such as genetics, light, soil, irrigation, and drying and curing techniques directly influence the sensory profile. The study even suggests creating a wheel of cannabis aromas and flavors, inspired by those used for wines and coffees, mapping descriptors like lavender (linalool), citrus (limonene), pine (pinene), and earthy notes (humulene and caryophyllene).

From nature to the Brazilian market

Looking at the Brazilian scenario, the application of terpenes in food and beverages is regulated by RDC nº 725/2022 from Anvisa, which authorizes the use of various terpenes as food flavorings. “It is the main regulatory framework on the subject,” comments Edoardo Almeida, founder of Natural Terpenes.

However, there are still restrictions in the cannabis industry. Guilherme Storti, owner of CrocBuds, explains. “We still cannot work with terpenes extracted directly from the plant, due to legal restrictions. The market has found a creative and technically viable solution: terpene blends.”

According to him, these blends faithfully reproduce the aromatic profile of cannabis through chromatographic analyses, using terpenes extracted from fruits, flowers, and spices.

Another strategy to “combat the regulatory gray area” of cannabis is to invest in natural terpenes from fruits, flowers, and spices simulating aromatic profiles of cannabis strains. 

Safety first

Like medicines and other cannabis products, a major concern of the sector is the production, storage, and integrity of terpene products. Storti advises that storage should occur in a location protected from light, moisture, and temperature variations to prevent oxidation and aromatic loss.

“These terpenes need to be certified for commercialization. We carry out recurring analyses to ensure that the aromatic profile remains faithful until it reaches the end consumer".

Vinicius Calegari, also founder of Natural Terpenes, further emphasizes the importance of conducting recurring analyses to "ensure that the aromatic profile is maintained with the utmost fidelity until the end consumer".

The Brazilian potential

According to Calegari, clear signs of growth in terpene products are perceived, both in consumer behavior and market interest. " Globally, there is a growing movement towards functional, sensory, and naturally appealing foods and beverages, and terpenes fit perfectly into this scenario".

Regarding the possibility of producing the input in national territory, for Storti, the country has biodiversity and an ideal climate for production and research. “It only lacks unlocking the regulatory field".

"If the market and legislation allow themselves to understand that cannabis aromas are natural, gastronomic, and therapeutic assets, we have everything to experience a revolution in this segment," concludes the entrepreneur.