"My child ingested THC, what now?", what parents need to know

In constant debate in Brazil — especially after the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) set the deadline of September 30, 2025, for the regulation of cultivation —, the legalization of cannabis continues to divide opinions. According to a Datafolha survey published in 2024, 67% of respondents were against the decriminalization of possession of the plant. In the previous survey, from September 2023, this number was 61%.

While Brazil discusses regulation, other countries where the legalization of recreational and medicinal cannabis use is already a reality are observing an unintended consequence: the increase in accidental ingestion of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by children, mainly through edible products.

Rising cases: edibles and the risk to children

A recent analysis by the JustAnswer platform — which connects users to health professionals in real-time — identified a 218% increase in questions about THC edible ingestion by children between 2022 and 2024.

These products, usually in the form of gummies, chocolates, or candies, are visually appealing, colorful, and often indistinguishable from regular sweets, posing a high risk to children.

In Brazil, labels and regulations are still limited

The Resolution of the Collegiate Board (RDC) 327/2019, which regulates the commercialization of cannabis products in Brazil, requires the inclusion of the phrase "Keep out of reach of children" on labels, as well as providing tamper-proof seals and other warnings.

However, according to Fernando Cesar Mendes, CEO of NHG Phytopharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals, there is still room for improvement. "Anvisa could require safety lock caps, especially for THC edibles. These products are very visually appealing to children, which increases the risk of accidental ingestion," he explains.

What is THC and how to use it medicinally?

THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive compound found in cannabis, a plant commonly known as marijuana. The cannabinoid acts on the body's endocannabinoid system, interacting with brain receptors called CB1 and CB2, responsible for sensations of euphoria, mood alteration, perception, cognition, and motor coordination.

According to pediatrician Dr. Ronaldo José de Oliveira, the use of THC in pediatric treatment, when prescribed correctly, is safe. Cannabis derivatives are used for refractory epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

"High doses of THC are rarely indicated for children. When used, it is in small amounts and always associated with higher doses of cannabidiol (CBD)," explains Ronaldo.

What to do if my child ingests THC?

The pediatrician advises against offering milk, water, or attempting to induce vomiting. The child should be taken immediately to an emergency service.

If treatment occurs within an hour after ingestion and the child is awake, gastric lavage may be performed. After this period, treatment generally consists of clinical observation until the body eliminates the substance.

As a crucial point, Ronaldo emphasizes honesty with the doctor. It is essential to indicate the type of product ingested (bring the packaging, if possible), estimated quantity, and time of ingestion, as well as issues such as weight, pre-existing conditions, and use of ongoing medications.

According to the pediatrician, the most common symptoms of accidental THC ingestion by children include nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, anxiety, and a feeling of "fluttering" in the chest.

The intensity varies according to the dose and the size of the child. The first symptoms usually appear between 20 and 30 minutes after consumption, peaking between 1.5 and 2 hours.

Stay calm and pay extra attention

Despite the seriousness, the doctor reassures: "The risk of death is zero in healthy children. Long-term sequelae are also not expected after isolated exposure, even at high doses."

For children with heart problems, neurological issues, or those taking psychotropic medications, anticonvulsants, or opioids, the risks increase. Drug interactions with THC can intensify adverse effects or compromise existing treatments.

Preventive measures to avoid accidents

Fernando Cesar Mendes suggests that Anvisa adopt warning symbols on labels, such as the icon of a child crossed out, and promote educational campaigns. "Health professionals should guide patients on best practices, and products can include simple guides with clear instructions," he states.

For parents, the specialist recommends storing products in high, locked places, keeping original packaging always sealed, and educating other adults and caregivers about the risks of leaving products exposed.